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Hi Sekar,
Thank you for your question regarding lightning protection class, it is our pleasure to help.
There are a number of different and varied methods of providing protection from lightning strikes, and the selection of which methods to use is a critical one. Clearly, a chemical factory, a facility handling flammable materials, or a computer data center with millions of dollars worth of electronics, should be very concerned with the damage caused by a lighting strike. A warehouse holding non-flammable items, a garage, a simple office building, etc., may not be so concerned. Continue reading
Hi Gene,
Thank you for your question regarding omni-potential grounding, it is our pleasure to help.
We have actually never seen that term in use before. “Omni-” means all or everywhere, so perhaps “omni-potential” means all-voltages? We suspect it just means that the ground system is at the same potential everywhere on your site, which is pretty much the goal of all grounding systems. Continue reading
Hi Brad,
Thank you for your question regarding resistance-to-ground calculations, it is our pleasure to help.
It sounds like you are trying to conduct hand calculations which is indeed a very limited and frustrating process. It is also highly inaccurate. In particular, hand calculations cannot take into account three (3) key factors: Complex ground designs, multi-layer soil, and frequency. Continue reading
Hi Than and David,
Thank you for your question regarding probe depths while conducting a Wenner 4-point soil resistivity test, it is our pleasure to help.
Here is some information on Wenner 4-Pin Soil Resistivity Testing: http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/about-electrical-grounding/what-is-soil-resistivity-testing.php
When conducting a Wenner 4-point soil resistivity test, we need to consider the effects that the “Sphere-of-Influence” will have on our test, in two (2) ways: Continue reading
Hi S. Imtiyaz,
Thank you for your question regarding soil resistivity calculations, it is our pleasure to help.
It is important to understand that there are two (2) types of resistivity that people use today. The first one is called Apparent Resistivity, and the second one is Actual Resistivity. Continue reading
Hi Ramkumar,
Thank you for your question regarding solar station grounding systems, it is our pleasure to help.
Solar stations are power generators that deal with electrical energies every bit as dangerous as that of any other power plant or electrical substation. In fact they have certain additional dangers that many power plants don’t have. Specifically the solar arrays can’t be turned off, and the DC arc-flash hazards are worse than AC arc-flashes and are more difficult to calculate. That said, it is unlikely that you will have much choice in what grounding regulations you will be required to meet. While every country will have its own specific standards, the EU, America, Canada, etc., all have requirements for ensuring human safety inside your facility, specifically Step & Touch Voltages. Continue reading
Hi Niroshan,
Thank you for your question regarding the use of back-fill materials to reduce the resistance-to-ground of an earthing electrode, it is our pleasure to help.
The two types of back-fill material you mentioned are excellent examples of the disparity between the current available ground enhancement back-fills. Continue reading
Hi Francisco,
Thank you for your question regarding the calculation of step and touch voltages in a substation, it is our pleasure to help.
Properly calculating step and touch voltages is quite difficult. Here are a few links you should review: Continue reading
Hi Mike,
Thank you for your question regarding ground systems for different voltage transformers, it is our pleasure to help.
Yes, the grounding systems not only should be bonded together, but they must be bonded together under the National Electrical Code (NEC) and many other standards and regulations. Continue reading
Hi Engr,
Thank you for your question regarding Neutral Ground Resistors, it is our pleasure to help.
The selection of a Neutral Ground Resistor is one of the main choices in deciding what type of electrical system your facility will have. There are four (4) types of electrical systems:
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